SPAIN 2015 - PART 3: Macro Photography

Beside the avian wildlife that we were primarily observing during our visit to Spain, we discovered a wealth of pretty awesome invertebrates, reptiles and amphibians, as well as some beautiful plants. A special thanks has to go to Jonnie Fisk and James O'neill, who were the primary rock-turning investigators during our trip, and discovered a large number of the species pictured below. It was great to see such a diversity, from scorpions to salticid spiders...

Fiddler Crabs are found along sea beaches, brakish intertidal mudflats, lagoons and swamps. They are a very distinctive genus of crabs, where all the males have one major claw (called the Chela) much larger than the minor claw. They use these in combat and courtship over a female, and also to communicate via a series of waves and gestures. The females' claws are both the same size.

The common wall gecko, or Moorish Gecko (Tarentola mauritanica) is said to be the largest gecko in Europe, and its distribution stretches throughout 13 different countries in Europe and Africa. It has also been introduced to Argentina, the US, and Uruguay.

The Ocellated Lizard (Timon lepidus) is Europe's largest Lizard, being able to grow to 90 centimetres long! It gets its name from the yellow and blue ocelli on the sides of its body. This species feeds largely on insects, but will also take snails, small vertebrates and even berries

One of the great highlights of the trip was watching this male Dung Beetle proudly rolling its perfect sphere of dung to its home, while the female tagged along not far away as if giving directions. Dung Beetles are corprophagus insects which feed on the excrement of other animals. The beetles often roll a ball of dung to their nests to feed their young within. One of the fascinating things about this family is that research has shown that a certain species in Africa uses the night sky (particularly the milky way) to navigate back to its nest once they have carved out a ball of dung from a deposit some way away 

This is a Jumping Spider (family Salticidae), of the species Menemerus semilibatus. There are about 5000 species worldwide, thus making it the largest family of spiders. These Salticids are said to have some of the best vision amongst arthropods which they use to hunt, as well as in courtship and navigation. The Jumping Spiders are able to jump due to a well-developed internal hydraulic system, which causes extension of the limbs by altering the pressure of body fluid within them. They are fascinating creatures

We only saw the only scorpion during our visit to Spain, which was found underneath a rather larger boulder (as was virtually every other insect or reptile we saw during out trip). There are about 1750 species described worldwide, and just 25 of those carry venom capable of killing a human. This species, thankfully, was not among them

This stunning little beastie is a Horshoe Whipsnake (Hemmorrhois hippocrepis). This species is found throughout the south coast of Spain, as well as along the whole Mediterranean coastline. We found this individual slithering across a dry crop field near Osuna

This rather smart amphibian is a Fire Salamander. They are so named after a habit that they supposedly had of hiding in logs chopped for burning, and then fleeing out once the logs were placed upon a fire. The larvae of this species are entirely aquatic, living in shallow pools and lakes, whilst the adults are terrestrial: they only return to water bodies for breeding. We found this near a small pond on the ridge of Cierra de la Plata

Some butterflies seen during our visit:

Provence's Hairstreak: a target species for many of us on the trip, which we first saw in the high mountainous region of Sorcio, but subsequently also found at the coast near Tarifa

Spanish Festoon- arguably the prettiest species we saw during our visit, which was present in a variety of places

Painted Lady. This is a migrant species that winters in the Mediterranean region and further south to North Africa. We saw hundreds during our visit to Spain, including some days where there were significant movements, such as at Tarifa.

Praying Mantis

Beetle sp.- Fire Beetle?

Snail

Sand Lizard with accompanying fly.

And finally, here are some flowers:

Sawfly Orchid

Tongue Orchid

Yellow Bee Orchid

Spring Migrants: Wheatear

Wheatears are very cool birds. First of all, they are one of the first 'proper' spring migrants to arrive back in the UK and on Bardsey, usually reaching the island by mid-March. They are one of the harbingers of spring, and the males are always a delight to see. This species gets its English name from an altered version of 'White Arse', referring to the bird's white rump. There are two races that pass through the UK: the Northern Wheatear is the nominate race, which arrives in March and begins breeding by mid-April; the Greenland Wheatear is a larger, more orangey-toned bird which begins passing through in mid-April.

Although the species is handsome enough as it is, they undergo a pretty phenomenal migration, being said to be the largest of any passerine. For now I shall outline the migration of the Greenland-race Wheatear, as it is far more impressive than our British birds...Oenanthe oenanthe leucorhoa, as the Greenland Wheatear is Scientifically named, breeds in the Arctic tundra from Greenland across to western Alaska. After spending the summer months in the Arctic circle, the birds begin their southward migration in August. A recent study has shown that the Wheatears take one of two different routes to their wintering grounds in Africa, depending on where they breed in the tundra:

• Birds from the eastern tundra take a route that goes via the UK, southern Europe and the Mediterranean to Western/Central Africa. Birds crossing the Atlantic to Britain average 850km per day for four whole days. Some will stop off in Greenland, and some birds may even bypass the UK entirely, using their fat reserves and tail winds to make a phenomenal 30-hour, non-stop flight of 2,500km straight from Greenland to Southern Europe!! 
• The majority of bird breeding in the western tundra and Alaska taker an entirely different migration route: they fly across the Bering Sea, and track south-west across Asia, arriving in Western and Central Africa in about November to spend the winter here. Typical travel times have been described as being 91 days on their Southward migration, travelling on average 160km per day. On their northward migration they take just 55 days to arrive briskly on their breeding grounds, which equates to 250km per day.

Either way, that migration is pretty impressive for a bird that weighs about 20 grams...

Links:

BTO

Safari Ecology

AvianWeb.com

Spring Migrants: White Wagtail

Introducing...spring migrant blogs. Over the next few weeks I pan to do several blog posts here, which are centred on a single species each time. These will mostly be featuring spring migrant birds, which are now in abundance on the island. For my first post, I will focus on the White Wagtail. Not an entirely amazing species perhaps, but nevertheless a subtly beautiful one.

White Wagtails are a migrant subspecies of the Pied Wagtail, that breed throughout Europe but mainly just move through the UK. Thy arrive on Bardsey in mid- to late- March, and can gather in numbers approaching 40 birds on Solfach. On this sandy beach, the wagtails spend most of their time feeding on sand flies and insects amongst the seaweed and along the tide line. I spent a little while on the beach a few days ago photographing the birds as they went about their business. Here are some of the results:

SPAIN 2015- PART 2: Raptors

It time for the second instalment of my three-part blog on the recent trip to Spain which I took part in. This particular post is focussed on raptors- a family of species which featured quite widely in our travels within the country. Several of our raptor sightings and experienced were actually the highlights of the trip for many. Here

Lesser Kestrel
This species was relatively common over a variety of different locations. For a start, there was a large breeding population in the village that we were staying in- every morning there would be a flock of as many as 60 birds flying around, and many would do low fly-bys over the top of our villa roofs. We could see several nesting holes, and witnessed some cool behaviour such as copulations. Aside the village, we saw many in open farmland areas, and old abandoned buildings. We also saw a few passage birds, such as our day at Tarifa on the coast, when over 10 birds came in off the sea with a few Common Kestrels.

Griffon Vulture

This was another fairly common species on our trip, with birds appearing virtually all over the place. Our first morning in the country was particularly memorable, when we discovered that there was a carcass about 3 kilmoetres from our village, and during the space of an hour or so, we saw tens of birds flocking from all over to gather at a carcass not far from the motorway. There were about 200 birds in this gathering, with over 70 alone squabbling over the meal. Elsewhere, we had plenty of birds up in mountainous area such as Alcorocales (a scattering of flocks amounting toc. 210 birds), Sorcio and Llanos de Libar (movement of birds overhead of about 45 birds). We also visited a rocky outcrop of cliffs called Cierra de la Plata, where there were several birds on nests. On our last day in Spain, our visit to Tarifa produced a few migrant birds coming in off the straits. In the space of about 30 minutes, we saw a flock of 65 birds head north east along the cliffs, followed by a further 18.

Montagu's Harrier

When we travelled inland towards the rolling fields of barley, we discovered quite a few of these handsome circuses. The best place for this species during our trip was at Osuna, where we had perhaps 5 males and 5 females all flying around together in a small area, where it seemed likely that they were nesting. On our day at Tarfia, we also had two birds come in off the straits and head inland.

Booted Eagle

By far the commonest eagle around, we had birds all over the place during our travels. Partcilarly good places for this species included Tarifa, where it was a numerous migrant coming in off the sea (a total of around 150 were noted during our day at this site); Llanos de Libar in the mountains was a great place, where a passage of birds took place high over the peaks, amounting to some 50 birds; many birds were also seen over the coastal areas of pine trees, such as Cerro del Aguila.

Black Kite

This was arguably the most common raptor we saw- which fits into its global status as being one of the most numerous species of birds of prey worldwide, occurring on all but the Antarctic continent. We saw these birds at virtually every one of our sites, but the top locations are as follows: 

Tarifa: somewhere in the region of 150 birds came in off the straits during our time at this place, which roughly translates to about three hours of raptor-watching

Llanos del Libar: this mountainous area was good for the species, which was seen passing quite high overhead with the following South-easterly wind. We counted about 53 birds in 30 minutes.

Bonanza dry marsh and lagoons: over 30 individuals passed over this area, which were particularly numerous over the pine woodland

Short-toed Eagle

We saw this species in a whole different variety of locations, although usually records were of single birds. La Canada (1), Alcaidessa Alto (2), Alcorocales (3), Llanos del Libar (2) and TARIFA (about 72 passed through in the space of a couple of hours). A very smart bird which was great to see at point blank range at Tarifa, where there large size was particularly noticeable.

Bonelli's Eagle

We had this large raptor at a select few sites, one of which will have to be kept quiet for now due to a breeding attempt. It was good to see a pair from the balcony of our villa in Alcala de los Gazules, and we had further sightings of two birds at Sorcio.